@article{12073,
  author = {Alexander Zderic and Ann-Marie Madigan},
  title = {Giant-planet Influence on the Collective Gravity of a Primordial Scattered Disk},
  abstract = {Axisymmetric disks of high eccentricity, low mass bodies on near-Keplerian orbits are unstable to an out-of-plane buckling. This "inclination instability" exponentially grows the orbital inclinations, raises perihelia distances and clusters in argument of perihelion. Here we examine the instability in a massive primordial scattered disk including the orbit-averaged gravitational influence of the giant planets. We show that differential apsidal precession induced by the giant planets will suppress the inclination instability unless the primordial mass is ≳20 Earth masses. We also show that the instability should produce a "perihelion gap" at semi-major axes of hundreds of AU, as the orbits of the remnant population are more likely to have extremely large perihelion distances ((100 AU)) than intermediate values.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  volume = {160},
  pages = {50},
  month = {2020-07},
  url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab962f},
  doi = {10.3847/1538-3881/ab962f},
}